Are quantum computers a threat to Bitcoin?

Time and again, the claim appears that Quantum computers could destroy Bitcoin. But what is it really about this scenario? And how well is the Bitcoin network prepared for this?

In this article, we take a look at the technical background and clear up myths about quantum computers and Bitcoin.

What makes quantum computers so special?

Work in contrast to classic computers Quantum computers with so-called qubits. These can assume several states at the same time — a phenomenon from quantum physics that makes them extremely powerful for certain tasks.

Particularly relevant for Bitcoin: Quantum computers could solve certain cryptographic problems significantly faster. This also includes processes such as ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) and SHA-256, on which the Bitcoin network is based.

How realistic is the risk?

The theory sounds ominous — but the practice currently looks completely different. To seriously jeopardize Bitcoin, several million error-corrected qubits required. By way of comparison, Google's new quantum chip “Willow” has just 105 qubits — and is therefore miles away from the required computing power.

Even if such a supercomputer were to exist one day, Bitcoin would probably not be the first destination. Many banks and traditional IT systems use weaker encryption methods and would be significantly easier to attack.

In addition: An attack on the public Bitcoin network Would be immediately visible. This makes it unattractive for attackers who would rather remain undetected.

What is Bitcoin doing as a precautionary measure?

The Bitcoin community is aware of the long-term risks posed by quantum computers. Research on quantum-safe algorithms is already underway, and there are technical approaches to how these could one day be integrated into the Bitcoin protocol — for example through soft forks or new address types.

Bitcoin has shown in the past that it can evolve — whether in terms of scale, security, or data protection. This will also be the case in the case of the quantum threat.

conclusion

Quantum computers are a fascinating technological development — and certainly a challenge for many digital systems in the long term. However, they currently pose no acute threat to Bitcoin.

The technology isn't ready yet — and even if it does one day, Bitcoin will be ready.